http://bio.usuhs.mil/biochem4.html

1. Making a copy of DNA is called __________________.   2. Which nitrogen base isn’t used during this process?   3. Name the enzyme you learned about that adds the complementary nucleotides and spell checks in the picture above.

4. The beadlike bundles that form when DNA wraps up are called _________________.   5. Name the protein in the center of the bundle that DNA wraps around. Image from: Biology; Miller and Levine; Pearson Education publishing as Prentice Hall; 2006

6. This process of copying an RNA message from the DNA code is called ____________________.   7. Tell where in the cell this happens in a eukaryotic cell.

8.  USE THE mRNA CODE WHEEL to tell the amino acid sequence coded for by the following message:             U C A C G A G U C

9. Which kind of RNA has an ANTICODON region and carries the amino acids to the ribosome?

10. B = ?    11. F = ?   12. C = ?

13. Tell one way DNA is different from RNA.

14.  Tell the enzyme that adds the nitrogen bases when making an RNA message from DNA.

15. What do we call the small pieces of DNA that are edited out of the mRNA message before it is expressed?

 16.  Tell what form DNA would be found in during REPLICATION and TRANSCRIPTION.

               CHROMOSOMES          CHROMATIN

17. When making DNA, CYTOSINE always pairs with _______________________.

18. Using an RNA message to make a protein is called ______________.

19. Name this subunit used to build DNA and RNA.

20.  Tell the complementary DNA strand for the DNA sequence shown.

          A T T G C C A G C

21. Name this kind of RNA.   22. Name the molecule attached here.       Image modified from: Biology; Miller and Levine; Pearson Education publishing as Prentice Hall; 2006

23. TRUE OR FALSE:        ALL MUTATIONS ARE HARMFUL.

24. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS could also be called ___________________.

25. Nitrogen bases made up of TWO RINGS are called ________________

26. Where in a eukaryotic cell does translation take place?

27. Name this kind of mutation.

28.   Name this subunit used to build PROTEINS. 29. NAME THE CELL PART YOU LEARNED ABOUT THAT  RECEIVES THESE SUBUNITS FROM tRNA DURING TRANSLATION AND JOINS THEM TOGETHER.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin

http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/watsoncrick.html

30. Name the woman whose X-ray pictures of DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick to figure out the structure of DNA.

31. Name the ENZYME involved in REPLICATION.

32. In a DNA molecule, which two parts of the nucleotide make up the SIDES OF THE LADDER?     33. What kind of bond holds the nitrogen bases together in the middle?     34. In a DNA molecule ADENINE always pairs up with _______________

35. Which of the following sequences shows the CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY (how information is passed on in cells)?

                A. RNA → PROTEIN → DNA→ TRAIT

                B. PROTEIN → DNA → TRAIT → RNA
                C. DNA → RNA → PROTEIN → TRAIT

36. Name the kind of mutation shown in the diagram at the left.

37.  The place on the DNA where RNA polymerase attaches and starts reading the information is called the ____________.

38. __________________ are sometimes called “jumping genes” and are involved in increasing mutation rates when an organism is stressed.

39. The two strands in a DNA molecule are called _____________ because they run in opposite directions.

 40. ______________ mutations are caused by adding or deleting bases that are NOT multiples of three and which causes the reading frame to regroup and be read incorrectly.

41. When this type of mutation happens at the ____________ of a gene it causes more damage and changes more of the protein                                                                  end            beginning

42. When a repressor protein is attached to the __________________, the lac operon genes are turned OFF.

43.  _________  genes control the growth and differentiation of cells and the sequence of development in embryos of all animals.

44. Epigenetics studies differences in gene expression that are NOT due to changing the DNA code itself, but how environment can change whether genes turn on or off. Adding METHYL tags to DNA turns genes _______.

                        ON            OFF

45.  When the repressor attaches to _______________ , the lac operon turns ON.

46. In what kind of cell would you find a TATA box?

         PROKARYOTE               EUKARYOTE

CHECK ANSWERS

ANSWERS

1.replication
2. uracil
3. DNA polymerase
4. nucleosome
5. histone
6. transcription
7. in nucleus
8. serine-arginine-valine
9. tRNA
10. mRNA
11. codon
12. ribosomes

14. RNA polymerase
15. introns
16. chromatin
17. guanine
18. translation
19. nucleotide
20. T A A C G G T C G
21.  t-RNA
22. Amino acid
23.  False ; mutations that increase survival
        and reproduction can be helpful
24.  translation
25.  purines
26. On ribosomes in cytoplasm
27. Insertion
           (this would also cause a frameshift)
28. Amino acid
29. Ribosome
30. Rosalind Franklin
31. DNA polymerase

32. phosphates & sugars
33. Hydrogen bonds
34. Thymine
35. C- DNA → RNA → PROTEIN → TRAIT
36. Deletion
37. promoter
38.transposons
39. antiparallel
40. frameshift
41. beginning
42. operator
43. HOX
44.  OFF
45. Lactose
46. Eukaryote