AP BIO GENETICS CARD REVIEW (Chapter 14 & 15)
Fill in your answer sheet and check answers at end.

1. Identify the genotype for individual 6.
2. Identify the genotype for individual 1.
3. Identify the genotype for individual  9.

4. Which of the following disorders is X-linked?

A. Tay-Sachs
B. Cystic fibrosis
C. Hemophilia
D. Albinism
E. Huntington’s disease

5. A court case is trying to determine the father of a baby. The mother has type O blood, and the baby has type B. Which of the following blood types would mean that a man is definitely NOT the father of the baby?
     
                A       B       AB       O         Can’t tell any could be

6. From a cross of AABbCc with AaBbCc, what is the probability that the offspring will display a genotype of
AaBbCC?

7. Imagine that in squirrels gray color (G) is dominant over black color (g). A black squirrel has the genotype gg.
Crossing a grey squirrel with which of the following would let you know for certain the genotype of the grey squirrel?

        A. GG                        B. Gg                    C. gg

8. Name 2 disorders that are autosomal recessive disorders.

9. This pedigree can be explained by all of the following inheritance patterns EXCEPT: A. autosomal dominant allele B. autosomal recessive allele C. X-linked dominant allele D. X-linked recessive allele E. Y-linked trait

10. The following crossover frequencies were noted via experimentation for the 5 genes on a single chromosome.       A-B- 35 %       B-C- 15%       A-C- 20%         A-D- 10%        D-B- 25%          A-E - 5%          B-E - 40%

11. If C and D are linked genes with a crossover frequency of 50%, which of the following is true for sperm from an individual with the genotype CcDd?

A. all CcDd
B. ¼ CCDD + ½ CcDd + ¼ ccdd
C. ½ Cc + ½ Dd
D. ½ CD + ½ cd
E. ¼ CD + ¼ Cd + ¼ cD + ¼ cd

12. Use the following pea gene codes:
            Y = Yellow     y=green
            R = round      r = wrinkled

If two parents, both green and round are crossed and the offspring are ¾ green and round and ¼ green and wrinkled, what are the genotypes of the parents?

      A. YyRr
      B. Yyrr
      C. yyRR

      D. yyRr
      E. yyrr

This pedigree show an AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE trait. 13. What is the genotype of person A? A. Bb B. BB C. bb D. Cannot be determined from the given information. 14. What is the most likely genotype of person B? A. Bb B. BB C. bb D. Cannot be determined from the give information.

 15. If a trait is ______________ (like male pattern baldness or milk production in mammals) the same genotype can show as different phenotypes in males or females.

16. In fruit flies, white eyes are a sex-linked recessive characteristic. If a white-eyed female is crossed with a wild-type male, what proportion of the male offspring should have white eyes?

17. The differences seen in children with Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman’s syndrome who each have the same deletion on chromosome 15 but show different phenotypes are due to ______________.

      Epistasis        Genomic imprinting        Pleiotropy         Incomplete dominance

18. A family has 5 children and all are sons. If they have another baby what is the probability that it will be a girl?

  ?

19. What is the probability that this family has 6 children and they ARE ALL SONS?

20.  Which genetic disorder could be diagnosed by looking at a person’s karyotype?

PKU       Tay-sachs          Huntington’s      hemophilia          Down syndrome

21.  ______________  occurs when a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits.

22. We are learning more about a new branch of genetics called epigenetics which deals with how genes are regulated. 

Adding ____________ tags to cytosines in DNA “turns genes” ______.
           name the functional group                                                                                                           ON       OFF

 
23. What do these results tell you about these two genes?
24. Calculate the crossover frequency.
25. Draw a map to show the location of these two genes.

	EX: Coat color in mice B = Black    b = brown C = color deposited in coat c = color NOT deposited cc-mouse looks white even though it has color genes
26. ________________ occurs when a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at another locus.

27. People who are heterozygous for the sickle cell allele have what is called a “heterozygote advantage”. What advantage do they have?

28. Give an example of an AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT disorder you learned about.

29. Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called ____________________.

30. Name a genetic disorder you learned about that could be a result of this happening.

31.  X-linked recessive genetic disorders show up more frequently in which sex?
EXPLAIN WHY.
 

32. Which genetic disorder you learned about shows up more frequently in people with Jewish or Middle Eastern ancestry?

33. Name the cell part that is nonfunctional in Tay-Sachs and PKU.

34. If genes A, B, C, and D are unlinked and autosomal, what is the probability of producing an individual with the genotype AABbccDd from this cross:   AaBbCcDd X AaBbCcDd 

35. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive trait that results in muscle deterioration. Death usually occurs before puberty. Assuming that no individual with the disease reaches puberty and passes on their gene to the next generation, how can the appearance of the disease be explained in females?

A. Affected females are homozygous recessive for the Duchenne allele.

B. Affected females are homozygous dominant for the Duchenne allele.

C. In females heterozygous for the Duchenne MD, both alleles are expressed in muscle cells.

D. In females heterozygous for Duchenne MD, X-inactivation in muscle cells of the chromosome with the normal allele allows expression of the disease.

E. The disease cannot occur in females.

CHECK ANSWERS

ANSWERS

GENETICS CARD REVIEW ANSWERS

1. E
2. B
3. C
4. C-hemophilia
5.  If mom is O, baby’s B came from dad.   Dad can’t be A or O blood type.
6.  ½ x ½ x ¼  = 1/16
7.  Test cross with C-gg
8.  Tay-Sachs, Cystic fibrosis, PKU
9.  C - Xlinked dominant
10.  A.   E-A-D-C-B
11. E. sperm are haploid/need one of each letter
12. D if green , both gotta be yy
13. A- Bb
14. B – BB
15. SEX INFLUENCED (on autosome) but shows differently in males and females
16. 100% of males will have white eyed; 100% of females will have red eyes
17. Genomic imprinting
18. ½
19. ½ x ½ x ½ x ½ x ½ x ½ = 1/64
20. Down syndrome; can’t see single gene mutations in a karyotype
21. Pleiotropy
22. Methyl tags attach to cytosine in DNA and turn off genes
23. Genes are linked
24. 34/283  = 12%
25.  Eye color and wings are 12 map units apart
26.epistasis
27. Malaria resistance
28. Huntington’s,  achondroplasia
29.nondisjunction
30. Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Xyy, XXX
31. Males; males don’t have a back up X (no copilot) to cover the mutation; girls have 2 X’s so if one has the mutation they have another X to cover for them.
32. Tay-Sachs
33. Lysosomes
34. ¼ X ½ X ¼ x ½ = 1/64
35. D