UNIT 4: Cell Communication & Cell Cycle Riedell Cells webpage Riedell AP BIO Cell Division webpage 9-11 Class Periods Exam Weight 10-15%
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| Big Idea |
LO/EK description | ||
| IST | 3.A | Describe the ways that cells can communicate with one another. | |
| IST | 3.A.1 | Cells
communicate with one another through direct contact with other cells or
from a distance via chemical signaling— a. Cells communicate by cell-to-cell contact. |
POGIL-Cell Communication |
| IST | 3.B | Explain how cells communicate with one another over short and long distances. | |
| IST | 3.B.1 | Cells
communicate over short distances by using local regulators that target
cells in the vicinity of the signal-emitting cell — a. Signals released by one cell type can travel long distances to target cells of another cell type. |
POGIL-Cell Communication |
| IST | 3.C | Describe the components of a signal transduction pathway. | |
| IST | 3.C.1 | Signal transduction pathways link signal reception with cellular responses. |
MODELING SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS CUTOUTS |
| IST | 3.C.2 | Many signal transduction pathways include protein modification and phosphorylation cascades. | |
| IST | 3.D | Describe the role of components of a signal transduction pathway in producing a cellular response. | |
| IST | 3.D.1 | Signaling
begins with the recognition of a chemical messenger—a ligand—by a
receptor protein in a target cell— a. The ligand-binding domain of a receptor recognizes a specific chemical messenger, which can be a peptide, a small chemical, or protein, in a specific one-to-one relationship. b. G protein-coupled receptors are an example of a receptor protein in eukaryotes. |
MODELING SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS CUTOUTS |
| IST | 3.D.2 | Signaling
cascades relay signals from receptors to cell targets, often amplifying
the incoming signals, resulting in the appropriate responses by the
cell, which could include cell growth, secretion of molecules, or gene
expression— a. After the ligand binds, the intracellular domain of a receptor protein changes shape initiating transduction of the signal. b. Second messengers (such as cyclic AMP) are molecules that relay and amplify the intracellular signal. c. Binding of ligand-to-ligand-gated channels can cause the channel to open or close. |
MODELING SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS CUTOUTS |
| IST | 3.E | Describe the role of the environment in eliciting a cellular response. | |
| IST | E.1 | Signal transduction pathways influence how the cell responds to its environment |
POGIL-Cell Communication MODELING SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS CUTOUTS BILL Cell signaling comparison |
| IST | 3.F | Describe the different types of cellular responses elicited by a signal transduction pathway. | |
| IST | 3.F.1 | Signal transduction may result in changes in gene expression and cell function, which may alter phenotype or result in programmed cell death (apoptosis). |
MODELING SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS CUTOUTS BILL Cell signaling comparison |
| IST | 3.G | Explain how a change in the structure of any signaling molecule affects the activity of the signaling pathway. | |
| IST | 3.G.1 | Changes in
signal transduction pathways can alter cellular response— a. Mutations in any domain of the receptor protein or in any component of the signaling pathway may affect the downstream components by altering the subsequent transduction of the signal. |
Effects of Changes in Pathways |
| IST | 3.G.2 | Chemicals that interfere with any component of the signaling pathway may activate or inhibit the pathway. | |
| ENE | 3.A | Describe positive and/ or negative feedback mechanisms. | |
| ENE | 3.A.1 | Organisms use feedback mechanisms to maintain their internal environments and respond to internal and external environmental changes. |
Homeostatic Loops Homeostasis Hugs |
| ENE | 3.B | Explain how negative feedback helps to maintain homeostasis. | |
| ENE | 3.B.1 | Negative feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis for a particular condition by regulating physiological processes. If a system is perturbed, negative feedback mechanisms return the system back to its target set point. These processes operate at the molecular and cellular levels. | Positive & Negative Feedback loops |
| ENE | 3.C | Explain how positive feedback affects homeostasis. | |
| ENE | 3.C.1 | Positive feedback mechanisms amplify responses and processes in biological organisms. The variable initiating the response is moved farther away from the initial set point. Amplification occurs when the stimulus is further activated, which, in turn, initiates an additional response that produces system change. | Positive & Negative Feedback loops |
| IST | 1.B | Describe the events that occur in the cell cycle. | |
| IST | 1.B.1 | In eukaryotes, cells divide and transmit genetic information via two highly regulated processes. |
Mitosis/Meiosis Comparison |
| IST | 1.B.2 | The cell cycle
is a highly regulated series of events for the growth and reproduction
of cells— a. The cell cycle consists of sequential stages of interphase (G1, S, G2), mitosis, and cytokinesis. b. A cell can enter a stage (G0) where it no longer divides, but it can reenter the cell cycle in response to appropriate cues. Nondividing cells may exit the cell cycle or be held at a particular stage in the cell cycle. |
Regulation powerpoint Interphase study guide Phases of Mitosis Mitosis phases study guide |
| IST | 1.C | Explain how mitosis results in the transmission of chromosomes from one generation to the next. | |
| IST | 1.C.1 | Mitosis is a
process that ensures the transfer of a complete genome from a parent
cell to two genetically identical daughter cells— a. Mitosis plays a role in growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction. b. Mitosis alternates with interphase in the cell cycle. c. Mitosis occurs in a sequential series of steps (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase). |
Phases of Mitosis Mitosis phases study guide Mitosis/Meiosis Comparison |
| IST | 1.D | Describe the role of checkpoints in regulating the cell cycle. | |
| IST | 1.D.1 | A number of internal controls or checkpoints regulate progression through the cycle. |
Interphase study guide
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| IST | 1.D.2 | Interactions between cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases control the cell cycle. | |
| IST | 1.E | Describe the effects of disruptions to the cell cycle on the cell or organism. | |
| IST | 1.E.1 | Disruptions to the cell cycle may result in cancer and/or programmed cell death (apoptosis). | Powerpoint Regulation |
| The following learning targets are from the CED for UNIT 5 Heredity | |||
| IST | 1.F | Explain how meiosis results in the transmission of chromosomes from one generation to the next. | |
| IST | 1.F.1 | Meiosis is a process that ensures the formation of haploid gamete cells in sexually reproducing diploid organisms | Modeling Mitosis/Meiosis with Pop beads |
| IST | 1.G | Describe similarities and/ or differences between the phases and outcomes of mitosis and meiosis. | |
| IST | 1.G.1 | Mitosis and meiosis are similar in the way chromosomes segregate but differ in the number of cells produced and the genetic content of the daughter cells. |
Modeling Mitosis/Meiosis with Pop beads Mitosis/Meiosis Comparison |
| IST | 1.H | Explain how the process of meiosis generates genetic diversity | |
| IST | 1.H.1 | Separation of the homologous chromosomes in meiosis I ensures that each gamete receives a haploid (1n) set of chromosomes that comprises both maternal and paternal chromosomes. | Modeling Mitosis/Meiosis with Pop beads |
| IST | 1.H.2 | During meiosis I, homologous chromatids exchange genetic material via a process called “crossing over” (recombination), which increases genetic diversity among the resultant gametes. |
Crossing over, linked genes, & Gene mapping video BILL genetic variation |
| IST | 1.H.3 | Sexual reproduction in eukaryotes involving gamete formation—including crossing over, the random assortment of chromosomes during meiosis, and subsequent fertilization of gametes—serves to increase variation. |
Crossing over, linked genes, & Gene mapping video BILL genetic variation |
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