revamp_evolution

UNIT 7: Natural Selection Riedell AP Bio Evolution unit webpage 20-23 Class Periods Exam Weight 13-20%

BIG IDEAS
1-EVO	Evolution
2-ENE	Energetics
3-IST	Information Storage and Transmission
4-SYI	Systems Interactions

SCIENCE PRACTICES
SP1	Concept Explanations
SP2	Visual Representations
SP3	Questions and Methods
SP4	Representing and Describing Data
SP5	Statistical Tests and Data Analysis
SP6	Argumentation

Videos

LABS/Activities

WATCH VIDEOS/BILL Activities/GOOGLE DOCS Quiz

BOZEMAN BIOLOGY VIDEOS
Natural Selection EVO 1.C.1 & 1.C.2
Examples of Natural Selection
EVO 1.C.1 & 1.C.2
Genetic Drift EVO 1.H.1
Evidence for Evolution EVO 1.H.1
Essential Characteristics of Life Conserved
EVO 2.C.1
Hardy Weinberg Equation
EVO 1.K.1 & 1.K.2
Solving Hardy Weinberg Problems
EVO 1.K.1 & 1.K.2
Hardy Weinberg Punnett Square
EVO 1.K.1 & 1.K.2
Phylogenetics EVO 1.C
Speciation and Extinction EVO 3.D. EVO 3.G
Speciation EVO 3.D.1 and 2
Evolution Continues EVO 3.A.1
Abiogenesis
The Origin of Life
Comparing DNA   EVO 1.N.2
Cladograms   EVO 3.B.1

Miller Urey Experiment video SYI 3.E.1
What is the RNA world hypothesis?
SYI 3.E.2

HHMI-Neil Shubin's
Your inner reptile
Your Inner fish
Your InnerMonkey

It's OK to be smart-
How your DNA Proves Evolution is real
EVO 1.M.1

12 Days of Evolution series EVO 1.D; 1.F; 1.G
Evolution #1- What is Evolution?
Evolution #2- Is it random?
Evolution #3- See it happen?
Evolution #4- Make an Eye
Evolution #5- New species
Evolution #6-Evolution is dumb
Evolution #7- Why men have nipples?
Evolution #8-2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Evolution #9- Can evolution create information?
Evolution #10- Why are there still apes?
Evolution #11-Are humans still evolving?
Evolution #12- Does Evolution have a point?

2 minute Classroom videos
Convergent vs divergent evolution
EVO 1.G.1: EVO 3.E
Homologous Structures
EVO 1.N.1.b
Genetic Drift, Founder effect, Bottleneck
EVO 1.H.1

"Old" Lab 8 PTC sampling
EVO 1.K.1 & 1.K.2

Case I & II
Data sheet
Population Modeling

Old Lab 8 Case III & IV EVO 1.L.2
Old Lab 8 data sheet

LAB #3:Hands on Phylogeny (BLAST)
From Madhav Nepal
How to build a cladogram EVO 3.B.1

TEDEd- Five Fingers of Evolution video    EVO 1.K.1; EVO 1.L.1
5 fingers BILL NOTES

How Does Evolution Really work?   EVO 1.C
BILL?’s
Evolution Google Docs quiz

Reproductive barriers   EVO 3.D.1 and 2
From http://www.dwm.ks.edu.tw/bio/activelearner/19/ch19summary.html
What prevents species from interbreeding

Origin of Life & Abiogenesis   SYI 3.E
BILL ?'s

Patterns of evolution Bio Review EVO 3.E

HARDY & WEINBERG POWEROINT
Hardy Weinberg Problems
EVO 1.K.1 & 1.K.2

Genetic drift vs gene flow EVO 1.H.1
What's the difference?

Make a prediction EVO 1.M.1; EVO 3.A.2

CER Human -Chromosome #2    EVO 1.M.1; EVO 1.N.2
Human chromosome #2

HHMI-Rock Pocket mice video   EVO 1.D; EVO 1.E
Rock Pocket ?'s from Lee Ferguson

BILL genetic variation
IST 1.H.2; 1.H.3; EVP 1.J.1

Past FRQs
Evolution

FUN
3.5 till infinity

Evo-Devo (Despacito)

BioBirthday-Miller Urey Experiment

Evolution cartoons

REVIEW
Powerpoint Click and go Evolution review

Kahoot-Evolution

Clicker review

Bozeman reviews
Unit 1 review-Natural selection
Unit 2 Review- Speciation

Ch 22 Evolution Interactive Crossword

Ch 23 Evolution of Populations Crossword

Chapter 24-Speciation Crossword

Big Idea	LO/EK description
EVO	1.C	Describe the causes of natural selection.
EVO	1.C.1	Natural selection is a major mechanism of evolution	Natural Selection Examples of Natural Selection How Does Evolution Really work? BILL?’s
EVO	1.C.2	According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, competition for limited resources results in differential survival. Individuals with more favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and produce more offspring, thus passing traits to subsequent generations.
EVO	1.D	Explain how natural selection affects populations.
EVO	1.D.1	Evolutionary fitness is measured by reproductive success.	HHMI-Rock Pocket mice video Rock Pocket ?'s from Lee Ferguson
EVO	1.D.2	Biotic and abiotic environments can be more or less stable/fluctuating, and this affects the rate and direction of evolution; different genetic variations can be selected in each generation.
EVO	1.E	Describe the importance of phenotypic variation in a population
EVO	1.E.1	Natural selection acts on phenotypic variations in populations.	HHMI-Rock Pocket mice video Rock Pocket ?'s from Lee Ferguson
EVO	1.E.2	Environments change and apply selective pressures to populations.
EVO	1.E.3	Some phenotypic variations significantly increase or decrease fitness of the organism in particular environments.
EVO	1.F	Explain how humans can affect diversity within a population.
EVO	1.F.1	Through artificial selection, humans affect variation in other species.
EVO	1.G	Explain the relationship between changes in the environment and evolutionary changes in the population.
EVO	1.G.1	Convergent evolution occurs when similar selective pressures result in similar phenotypic adaptations in different populations or species.	Convergent vs divergent evolution
EVO	1.H	Explain how random occurrences affect the genetic makeup of a population.
EVO	1.H.1	Evolution is also driven by random occurrences— a. Mutation is a random process that contributes to evolution. b. Genetic drift is a nonselective process occurring in small populations— i. Bottlenecks. ii. Founder effect. c. Migration/gene flow can drive evolution.	VIDEOS Genetic Drift Genetic Drift, Founder effect, Bottleneck Genetic drift vs gene flow What's the difference? BILL ?'s
EVO	1.I	Describe the role of random processes in the evolution of specific populations.
EVO	1.I.1	Reduction of genetic variation within a given population can increase the differences between populations of the same species.
EVO	1.J	Describe the change in the genetic makeup of a population over time.
EVO	1.J.1	Mutation results in genetic variation, which provides phenotypes on which natural selection acts.	BILL genetic variation
EVO	1.K	Describe the conditions under which allele and genotype frequencies will change in populations.
EVO	1.K.1	Hardy-Weinberg is a model for describing and predicting allele frequencies in a nonevolving population. Conditions for a population or an allele to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are—(1) a large population size, (2) absence of migration, (3) no net mutations, (4) random mating, and (5) absence of selection. These conditions are seldom met, but they provide a valuable null hypothesis.	TEDEd- Five Fingers of Evolution 5 fingers BILL NOTES
EVO	1.K.2	Allele frequencies in a population can be calculated from genotype frequencies.	Hardy Weinberg Problems
EVO	1.L	Explain the impacts on the population if any of the conditions of Hardy- Weinberg are not met.
EVO	1.L.1	Changes in allele frequencies provide evidence for the occurrence of evolution in a population.	TEDEd- Five Fingers of Evolution 5 fingers BILL NOTES
EVO	1.L.2	Small populations are more susceptible to random environmental impact than large populations.	Old Lab 8 Case IV Old Lab 8 data sheet
EVO	1.M	Describe the types of data that provide evidence for evolution.
EVO	1.M.1	Evolution is supported by scientific evidence from many disciplines (geographical, geological, physical, biochemical, and mathematical data).	Evidence for Evolution How your DNA Proves Evolution is real Make a prediction BILL ?'s BILL ?'s CER Human -Chromosome #2 Human chromosome #2 Convergent vs divergent evolution Homologous Structures
EVO	1.N	Explain how morphological, biochemical, and geological data provide evidence that organisms have changed over time.
EVO	1.N.1	Molecular, morphological, and genetic evidence from extant and extinct organisms adds to our understanding of evolution— a. Fossils can be dated by a variety of methods. These include: i. The age of the rocks where a fossil is found ii. The rate of decay of isotopes including carbon-14 iii. Geographical data b. Morphological homologies, including vestigial structures, represent features shared by common ancestry.	Evidence for Evolution video Homologous Structures video
EVO	1.N.2	A comparison of DNA nucleotide sequence and/or protein amino acid sequences provides evidence for evolution and common ancestry.	Comparing DNA video CER Human -Chromosome #2 BILL ?'s Human chromosome #2 BILL ?'s
EVO	2.B	Explain how morphological, biochemical, and geological data provide evidence that organisms have changed over time.
EVO	2.B.1	Many fundamental molecular and cellular features and processes are conserved across organisms.	Essential Characteristics of Life Conserved video
EVO	2.B.2	Structural and functional evidence supports the relatedness of organisms in all domains.	Essential Characteristics of Life Conserved video
EVO	2.C	Describe structural and functional evidence on cellular and molecular levels that provides evidence for the common ancestry of all eukaryotes.
	2.C.1	Structural evidence indicates common ancestry of all eukaryotes— a. Membrane-bound organelles b. Linear chromosomes c. Genes that contain introns	Essential Characteristics of Life Conserved video
EVO	3.A	Explain how evolution is an ongoing process in all living organisms.
EVO	3.A.1	Populations of organisms continue to evolve.	Evolution Continues video
EVO	3.A.2	All species have evolved and continue to evolve— a. Genomic changes over time. b. Continuous change in the fossil record. c. Evolution of resistance to antibiotics, pesticides, herbicides, or chemotherapy drugs. d. Pathogens evolve and cause emergent diseases.	Make a prediction BILL ?'s
EVO	3.B	Describe the types of evidence that can be used to infer an evolutionary relationship.
EVO	3.B.1	Phylogenetic trees and cladograms show evolutionary relationships among lineages— a. Phylogenetic trees and cladograms both show relationships between lineages, but phylogenetic trees show the amount of change over time calibrated by fossils or a molecular clock. b. Traits that are either gained or lost during evolution can be used to construct phylogenetic trees and cladograms— i. Shared characters are present in more than one lineage. ii. Shared, derived characters indicate common ancestry and are informative for the construction of phylogenetic trees and cladograms. iii. The out-group represents the lineage that is least closely related to the remainder of the organisms in the phylogenetic tree or cladogram.	Cladograms video How to build a cladogram 2011 #4c & 2009 #3b
EVO	3.B.1	c. Molecular data typically provide more accurate and reliable evidence than morphological traits in the construction of phylogenetic trees or cladograms.	Comparing DNA video
EVO	3.C	Explain how a phylogenetic tree and/or cladogram can be used to infer evolutionary relatedness.
EVO	3.C.1	Phylogenetic trees and cladograms can be used to illustrate speciation that has occurred. The nodes on a tree represent the most recent common ancestor of any two groups or lineages.	Cladograms video How to build a cladogram
EVO	3.C.2	Phylogenetic trees and cladograms can be constructed from morphological similarities of living or fossil species and from DNA and protein sequence similarities.
EVO	3.C.3	Phylogenetic trees and cladograms represent hypotheses and are constantly being revised, based on evidence.
EVO	3.D	Describe the conditions under which new species may arise.
EVO	3.D.1	Speciation may occur when two populations become reproductively isolated from each other.	Reproductive barriers BILL ?'s *What prevents species from interbreeding BILL ?'s*
EVO	3.D.2	The biological species concept provides a commonly used definition of species for sexually reproducing organisms. It states that species can be defined as a group capable of interbreeding and exchanging genetic information to produce viable, fertile offspring.
EVO	3.E	Describe the rate of evolution and speciation under different ecological conditions
EVO	3.E.1	Punctuated equilibrium is when evolution occurs rapidly after a long period of stasis. Gradualism is when evolution occurs slowly over hundreds of thousands or millions of years.	Patterns of evolution Bio Review Convergent vs divergent evolution video
EVO	3.E.2	Divergent evolution occurs when adaptation to new habitats results in phenotypic diversification. Speciation rates can be especially rapid during times of adaptive radiation as new habitats become available.
EVO	3.G	Describe factors that lead to the extinction of a population.
EVO	3.G.1	Extinctions have occurred throughout Earth’s history.	Speciation and Extinction video
EVO	3.G.2	Extinction rates can be rapid during times of ecological stress	Speciation and Extinction video
EVO	3.H	Explain how the risk of extinction is affected by changes in the environment.
EVO	3.H.1	Human activity can drive changes in ecosystems that cause extinctions.	Speciation and Extinction video
EVO	3.I	Explain species diversity in an ecosystem as a function of speciation and extinction rates.
EVO	3.I.1	The amount of diversity in an ecosystem can be determined by the rate of speciation and the rate of extinction.	Speciation and Extinction video
EVO	3.J	Explain how extinction can make new environments available for adaptive radiation.
EVO	3.J.1	Extinction provides newly available niches that can then be exploited by different species.	Speciation and Extinction video
SYI	3.D	Explain how the genetic diversity of a species or population affects its ability to withstand environmental pressures.
SYI	3.D.1	The level of variation in a population affects population dynamics— a. Population ability to respond to changes in the environment is influenced by genetic diversity. Species and populations with little genetic diversity are at risk of decline or extinction. b. Genetically diverse populations are more resilient to environmental perturbation because they are more likely to contain individuals who can withstand the environmental pressure. c. Alleles that are adaptive in one environmental condition may be deleterious in another because of different selective pressures.
SYI	3.E	Describe the scientific evidence that provides support for models of the origin of life on Earth.
SYI	3.E.1	Several hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth are supported with scientific evidence— a. Geological evidence provides support for models of the origin of life on Earth. i. Earth formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago (bya). The environment was too hostile for life until 3.9 bya, and the earliest fossil evidence for life dates to 3.5 bya. Taken together, this evidence provides a plausible range of dates when the origin of life could have occurred.	Origin of Life
		b. There are several models about the origin of life on Earth— i. Primitive Earth provided inorganic precursors from which organic molecules could have been synthesized because of the presence of available free energy and the absence of a significant quantity of atmospheric oxygen (O2). ii. Organic molecules could have been transported to Earth by a meteorite or other celestial event.	BioBirthday-Miller Urey Experiment Miller Urey Experiment video
		c. Chemical experiments have shown that it is possible to form complex organic molecules from inorganic molecules in the absence of life— i. Organic molecules/monomers served as building blocks for the formation of more complex molecules, including amino acids and nucleotides. ii. The joining of these monomers produced polymers with the ability to replicate, store, and transfer information.	Crash Course: Where Did Life Come From? BioBirthday-Miller Urey Experiment Origin of Life video BILL ?'s
SYI	3.E.2	The RNA World Hypothesis proposes that RNA could have been the earliest genetic material.	What is the RNA world hypothesis?

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