Big
Idea |
LO/EK
description |
|
| SYI |
1A |
Explain
how the properties of water that result from its polarity and
hydrogen bonding affect its biological function. |
Water Lab
Station #1
video
Station #5
video
Station #8
video
Cup of
Water kits modeling
Hydrogen bonding animation
Transpiration
Concord
Consortium
Hydrogen bonding Water
|
| |
1.A.1 |
The
subcomponents of biological molecules and their sequence
determine the properties of that molecule |
| |
1.A.2 |
Living
systems depend on properties of water that result from its
polarity and hydrogen bonding |
| |
1.A.3 |
The
hydrogen bonds between water molecules result in cohesion,
adhesion and surface tension. |
| ENE |
1.A |
Describe the composition of macromolecules required by living
organisms |
|
| ENE |
1.A.1 |
Organisms must exchange matter with the environment to grow,
reproduce, and maintain organization. |
Molecules of Life
video
BILL-ATOMS
IN MOLECULES
|
| .ENE |
1.A.2 |
Atoms
and molecules from the environment are necessary to build new
molecules.
a. Carbon is used to build biological molecules such as
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Carbon is used in storage compounds and cell formation in
all organisms.
b. Nitrogen is used to build proteins and nucleic acids.
Phosphorus is used to build nucleic acids and certain lipids. |
| SYI |
1.B |
Describe the properties of the monomers and the type of bonds
that connect the monomers in biological macromolecules. |
|
| SYI |
1.B.1 |
Hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis are used to cleave and form
covalent bonds between monomers. |
|
| SYI |
1.B.2 |
Structure and function of polymers are derived from the way
their monomers are assembled—
a. In nucleic acids, biological information is encoded in
sequences of nucleotide monomers. Each nucleotide has structural
components: a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), a phosphate,
and a nitrogen base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil).
DNA and RNA differ in structure and functions
|
Nucleic acids video
BILL NUCLEIC ACID ?'s
Desktop concept map- MACROMOLECULES |
| b. In proteins, the specific order of amino acids in a
polypeptide (primary structure) determines the overall shape of
the protein. Amino acids have directionality, with an amino
(NH2) terminus and a carboxyl (COOH) terminus. The R group of an
amino acid can be categorized by chemical properties
(hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or ionic), and the interactions of
these R groups determine structure and function of that region
of the protein. |
Proteins video
BILL Protein ?'s
3D Molecular
Protein folding
Handout
Protein folding party hats |
| c. Complex carbohydrates comprise sugar monomers whose
structures determine the properties and functions of the
molecules. |
Carbohydrates video
BILL Carb ?'s
|
d. Lipids are nonpolar macromolecules—
i. Differences in saturation determine the
structure and function of lipids.
ii. Phospholipids contain polar regions that
interact with other polar molecules, such
as water, and with nonpolar regions that
are often hydrophobic. |
Lipids video
BILL Lipid ?'s
Phospholipid animation |
| SYI |
1.C |
Explain
how a change in the subunits of a polymer may lead to changes in
structure or function of the macromolecule. |
|
| SYI |
1.C.1 |
Directionality of the subcomponents influences structure and function of
the polymer—
a. Nucleic acids have a linear sequence of
nucleotides that have ends, defined by the 3’
hydroxyl and 5’ phosphates of the sugar in the
nucleotide. During DNA
and RNA synthesis,
nucleotides are added to the 3’ end of the
growing strand, resulting in the formation of a
covalent bond between nucleotides.
b. DNA is structured as an antiparallel double
helix, with each strand running in opposite 5’ to 3’ orientation.
Adenine nucleotides pair with thymine
nucleotides via two
hydrogen bonds. Cytosine nucleotides pair with guanine
nucleotides by three
hydrogen bonds.
|
Nucleic acids VIDEO
BILL
NUCLEIC ACID ?'s |
c. Proteins comprise linear chains of amino acids, connected by the
formation of covalent bonds at the carboxyl terminus of
the growing peptide
chain.
d. Proteins have primary structure determined
by the sequence order of their constituent
amino acids, secondary
structure that arises through local folding of
the amino acid chain into elements such
as alpha-helices and beta-sheets, tertiary
structure that is
the overall three-dimensional shape of the protein and often
minimizes free energy,
and quaternary structure that arises from interactions between
multiple polypeptide units. The four elements
of protein structure determine the function of
a protein. |
Proteins video
BILL Protein ?'s
Make a peptide bond
Peptide bond formation
Campbell Protein Structure
Protein folding video
Protein folding
with party hats |
e. Carbohydrates comprise linear chains of
sugar monomers connected by covalent bonds. Carbohydrate
polymers may be linear or branched.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE- Cellulose versus starch versus
glycogen |
Carbohydrates video
BILL Carb ?'s |
| IST |
1.A |
Describe the structural similarities and differences between DNA
and RNA. |
|
| IST |
1.A.1 |
DNA and
RNA molecules have structural similarities and differences
related to their function—
a. Both DNA and RNA have three components—sugar, a phosphate
group, and a nitrogenous base—that form nucleotide units that
are connected by covalent bonds to form a linear molecule with
5’ and 3’ ends, with the nitrogenous bases perpendicular to the
sugar-phosphate backbone.
b. The basic structural differences between DNA and RNA include
the following:
i.contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose.
ii. RNA contains uracil and DNA contains thymine.
iii. DNA is usually double stranded; RNA is usually single
stranded.
iv. The two DNA strands in double-stranded DNA are antiparallel
in directionality. |
Nucleic acids VIDEO
BILL NUCLEIC ACID ?'s |
